Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Offshoring Paper Essay Example for Free

Offshoring Paper Essay This article talks about a trend that started as far back as the 1980’s when companies began sending many jobs abroad mainly because of cheap labor. However, that trend is quickly changing. Companies are discovering that the wage gap is narrowing and many of the disadvantages are now starting to outweigh benefits of sending jobs abroad. One of the points mentioned in the article is that wages in china have risen 10-20% in the last 10 years, whereas wages in America and Europe have remained about the same. Also, another disadvantage of send production abroad is that shipping can be very expensive. In recent years shipping costs have gotten higher such that the cost of producing elsewhere and shipping to the US is no longer as cheap as it used to be. The time factor is also a big issue. Many times transit takes as long as six weeks which makes it hard for companies to fulfill their orders in a timely manner. In conclusion, the article makes a note that a lot of companies are now rethinking their decision about going offshore. Opinion Most of the companies went offshore to save money, and I can see where they are coming from after all the whole goal of having a business is to make profits however in my opinion many of the companies did not take the time to properly analyze the other costs involved in moving jobs offshore. Many also forgot to consider how it will affect the quality of their service when it comes to shipping time and sometimes the quality of the product. I am very happy that many jobs are coming back and I think the government needs to do more to encourage the companies. They should offer tax reductions where necessary so that America will be able to compete in the global market. I also like the point the article makes, that just because companies are tending towards reducing offshoring does not mean they will be less global, infact distributing their activities more evenly around the globe will make most companies more efficient.

Monday, January 20, 2020

President Jackson and the Removal of the Cherokee Indians :: American History Essays

President Jackson and the Removal of the Cherokee Indians "The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830's was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790's than a change in that policy." The dictum above is firm and can be easily proved by examining the administration of Jackson and comparison to the traditional course which was carried out for about 40 years. After 1825 the federal government attempted to remove all eastern Indians to the Great Plains area of the Far West. The Cherokee Indians of northwestern Georgia, to protect themselves from removal, made up a constitution which said that the Cherokee Indians were sovereign and not subject to the laws of Georgia. When the Cherokee sought help from the Congress that body only allotted lands in the West and urged them to move. The Supreme Court, however, in Worcester vs. Georgia, ruled that they constituted a "domestic dependent nation" not subject to the laws of Georgia. Jackson, who sympathized with the frontiersman, was so outraged that he refused to enforce the decision. Instead he persuaded the tribe to give up it's Georgia lands for a reservation west of the Mississippi. According to Document A, the map shows eloquently, the relationship between time and policies which effected the Indians. From the Colonial and Confederation treaties, a significant amount of land had been acquired from the Cherokee Indians. Successively, during Washington's, Monroe's, and Jefferson's administration, more and more Indian land was being commandeered. The administrations during the 1790's to the 1830's had gradually acquired more and more land from the Cherokee Indians. Jackson followed that precedent by the acquisition of more Cherokee lands. According to Document B, "the first of which is by raising an army, and [destroying the resisting] tribes entirely or 2ndly by forming treaties of peace with them", "under the existing circumstances of affairs, the United States have a clear right, consistently with the principles of justice and the laws of nature, to proceed to the destruction or expulsion of the savages." The use of the word savages, shows that the American had irreverence toward other ethnic backgrounds. Henry Knox wanted to destroy the cherokee tribes inorder to gain land for the United States, although he questions the morality of whether to acquire the cherokee land, his conclusion forbode's the appropriation. According to Document C, "That the Cherokee Nation may be led to a greater degree of civilization, and to

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Popular- Process Analysis Essay

Popularity. Everyone, admitting or not, craves the positive attention from their peers and classmates. To be desired by those surrounding oneself and accepted amongst others is an inevitable side effect to the complete high school experience. No one goes to school with a want to be the out casted and sociopathic seeming student who has little to no friends; it could be said practically that teenagers lust for popularity. While some enter their school years with instant desirability, there are ways to make a popular being of oneself.The first step to becoming popular is to lose every ounce of self respect one could possibly maintain; thus creating an appearance of vulnerability which is more appealing to the widely admired crowd. This is because the lack of self respect makes one come across as a more easily persuaded being which is exactly what certain groups would look for in a person; solely because it’s easier to add an attention craving zombie to their clique, as opposed t o someone who might actually stand for what they believe in.To quicken the effect of the first step one could simply give in and choose to agree or be willing to do whatever the desired clan asks or defines as cool. The aforementioned first step on the road to popularity may have but is not limited to these side effects: losing friendships, making regrettable mistakes, backhanded compliments, and loss of self confidence. Second on the journey to social inclination is kissing good grades goodbye!Popular people don’t have time for homework or extracurricular activities, and if one ever expects to reach that level of mass acceptance then grades should be forgotten or seen as extremely low importance. This way there will be plenty of class time to make jokes, a fool of oneself, and text friends. If time is managed wisely one could probably even make fun of their previous best friends and expose their weaknesses or insecurities to the rest of those with a more commonly craved repu tation. Bad grades and hurting old friends is entirely worth the fame though, isn’t it?Lastly, to complete the transformation of popularity, trash the old reputation. Sure, it’s likely to be seen as a total wreck by most at this point, however there are probably a few people with some faith things could go back to their old and innocent ways. It’s best to eliminate that idea from their head. A few ideas on how to do that are: be provocative, publically disrespect parents, show anti-school spirit, and get caught committing some illegal act (stealing and vandalism are always some good ones).This should ensure that everyone knows just how important and deserve to be talked about one has come to be. Never stop there though; once the steps have been completed, one should continue to do crazy stupid things that will make them hallway gossip for weeks to come! In conclusion, everyone just wants to be wanted. It’s known to nearly every kid in a public school syst em, and it’s not uncommon to see ones classmates do ridiculous things for the attention of their peers. Yes, it’s impossible not to feel a need for wanting and social acceptance, it’s only human.However, it is possible to not go overboard on the need for idolization by those surrounding us. Popularity, in all honesty, is a drug more addictive than heroin, and we’re all abusing the use of it. Whether one enters their years in a school system with the support and companionship of many, or as an outcast in a social dry spell, the acceptance and acknowledgement of others can be achieved through other ways that allow not changing oneself to match another’s standard definition of popular.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Battle of Malvern Hill - Civil War Battle of Malvern Hill

Battle of Malvern Hill: Date Conflict: The Battle of Malvern Hill was part of the Seven Days Battles and was fought July 1, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General George B. McClellanBrigadier General Fitz John Porter80,000 men Confederate General Robert E. Lee80,000 men Battle of Malvern Hill - Background: Beginning on June 25, 1862, Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac was the subject of repeated assaults by Confederate forces under General Robert E. Lee. Falling back from the gates of Richmond, McClellan believed his army to be outnumbered and hastened to retreat to his secure supply base at Harrisons Landing where his army could shelter under the guns of the US Navy in the James River. Fighting an inconclusive action at Glendale (Fraysers Farm) on June 30, he was able to gain some breathing room for his continued withdrawal. Retreating south, the Army of the Potomac occupied a high, open plateau known as Malvern Hill on July 1. Featuring steep slopes on its southern, eastern, and western sides, the position was further protected by swampy terrain and Western Run to the east. The site had been selected the previous day by Brigadier General Fitz John Porter who commanded the Union V Corps. Riding ahead to Harrisons Landing, McClellan left Porter in command at Malvern Hill. Aware that Confederate forces would have to attack from the north, Porter formed a line facing in that direction (Map). Battle of Malvern Hill - The Union Position: Placing Brigadier General George Morells division from his corps on the far left, Porter placed the IV Corps division of Brigadier General Darius Couch to their right. The Union line was further extended to the right by the III Corps divisions of Brigadier General Philip Kearny and Joseph Hooker. These infantry formations were supported by the armys artillery under Colonel Henry Hunt. Possessing around 250 guns, he was able to emplace between 30 to 35 atop the hill at any given point. The Union line was further supported by US Navy gunboats in the river to the south and additional troops on the hill. Battle of Malvern Hill - Lees Plan: To the north of the Union position, the hill sloped down across open space that extended from 800 yards to a mile until reaching the closest tree line. To assess the Union position, Lee met with several of his commanders. While Major General Daniel H. Hill felt that an attack was ill-advised, such an action was encouraged by Major General James Longstreet. Scouting the area, Lee and Longstreet identified two suitable artillery positions that they believed would bring the hill under crossfire and suppress the Union guns. With this done, an infantry assault could move forward. Deploying opposite the Union position, Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons command formed the Confederate left, with Hills division in the center astride the Willis Church and Carters Mill Roads. Major General John Magruders division was to form the Confederate right, however it was misled by its guides and was late in arriving. To support this flank, Lee also assigned Major General Benjamin Hugers division to the area as well. The attack was to be led by Brigadier General Lewis A. Armisteads brigade from Hugers Division which was assigned to move forward once the guns had weakened the enemy. Battle of Malvern Hill - A Bloody Debacle: Having devised the plan for the assault, Lee, who was ill, refrained from directing operations and instead delegated the actual fighting to his subordinates. His plan quickly began to unravel when the Confederate artillery, which was strung out back to Glendale, arrived on the field in piecemeal fashion. This was further compounded by confusing orders that were issued by his headquarters. Those Confederate guns that deployed as planned were met with fierce counter-battery fire from Hunts artillery. Firing from 1:00 to 2:30 PM, Hunts men unleashed a massive bombardment that crushed the Confederate artillery. The situation for the Confederates continued to worsen when Armisteads men advanced prematurely around 3:30 PM. This keyed the larger assault as planned with Magruder sending forward two brigades as well. Pushing up the hill, they were met by a maelstrom of case and canister shot from the Union guns as well as heavy fire from the enemy infantry. To aid this advance, Hill began sending troops forward, though refrained from a general advance. As a result, his several small attacks were easily turned back by the Union forces. As the afternoon pressed on, the Confederates continued their assaults with no success. Atop the hill, Porter and Hunt had the luxury of being able to rotate units and batteries as ammunition was expended. Later in the day, the Confederates began attacks towards the western side of the hill where the terrain worked to cover part of their approach. Though they advanced farther than the previous efforts, they too were turned back by the Union guns. The greatest threat came when men from Major General Lafayette McLaws division nearly reached the Union line. Rushing reinforcements to the scene, Porter was able to turn back the attack. Battle of Malvern Hill - Aftermath: As the sun began to set, the fighting died out. During the course of the battle, the Confederates sustained 5,355 casualties while Union forces incurred 3,214. On July 2, McClellan ordered the army to continue its retreat and shifted his men to the Berkeley and Westover Plantations near Harrisons Landing. In assessing the fighting at Malvern Hill, Hill famously commented that: It was not war. It was murder. Though he followed the withdrawing Union troops, Lee was unable to inflict any additional damage. Ensconced in a strong position and backed by the US Navys guns, McClellan began a steady stream of requests for reinforcements. Ultimately deciding that the timid Union commander posed little additional threat to Richmond, Lee began dispatching men north to begin what would become the Second Manassas Campaign. Selected Sources History of War: Battle of Malvern HillBlue Gray Trail: Battle of Malvern HillCWPT: Battle of  Malvern Hill

Friday, December 27, 2019

Inter Team Conflicts And Interpersonal Conflicts - 1306 Words

When a group of people is brought together to form a team it is inevitable that some type of conflict will arise. Every member of a team has value and each one must understand that a team without conflict is necessary to accomplish the goal at hand (Mosley, 2005). There are multiple things that can lead to conflicts and leaders must recognize these to have an effective team. As a result of this, the leader must take into account everyone’s background and experience level as the team is formed. This paper will discuss the inter-team conflicts, interpersonal conflicts, why policies are created and ways a leader can prevent conflicts from happening. Inter-team Conflict Conflict in teams can have an adverse effect on a team’s performance. As a leader, it is imperative to manage conflict and handle matters before they become unmanageable. Assessing and managing inter-team conflicts before they arise is critical when stopping conflicts (Hoegl, Weinkauf Gemuenden, 2004). When conflict occurs, the trigger or event could be very minor and seem insignificant at the time. However, if the conflict is not resolved quickly, it could build up over time, creating a snowball effect. After this happens, it’s a matter of time before the conflict reaches a tipping point and emotions flare up. Conflict can result from a variety of events or situations. These could arise as a result of misinformation, a misunderstanding between team members, or a lack of clear and conciseShow MoreRelatedThere Is A Lot Of Misperceptions About Teams And Teamwork1018 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a lot of misperceptions about teams and teamwork and the behaviors associated with different leadership styles. Most teams encounter some dangers ranging from inter-team conflict to interpersonal policies. Most individuals become relationally involved and seek a balance as without losing a personal identity. Because teams are so relevant to the member’s status, respect and acceptance play a vital part in team development. Members often experience team discontinuity where people behave moreRead MoreOrganizational Conflict : An Emerging Lifestyle That Is Inevitable And A Common Sight1417 Words   |  6 PagesOrganisational conflict is an emerging lifestyle that is inevitable and a common sight attributable to the matrix structure adopted by many organisation as well as the present era of globalisation. Mary Parker Follett (1925) interprets conflict as a mere contradiction in interest and opinions between personnel inclusive of employees, employers and managers. However, Bisno (1988) and Coser (1968) elucidate conflict as â€Å"A process of social interaction involving a struggle over claims to resources,Read MoreTruly, In The United States Many Teams Building Company1042 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States many teams building company offer training to enhance work environment and performance. After, I reviewed many excellent team building businesses, I selected, The Corporate Teams. This company provides team building retreats and explorations to managers and teams. The Corporate Team’s purpose is to increase a higher level of job’s performance and leadership. The Corporate Teams combines a person’s mind, enthusiasm and skills, this way, employees grow trust and team commitment. In factRead MoreWhen Studying Organizational Management This Semester I Found Discussion On Organizational Conflict And Its Effect On An Organization921 Words   |  4 PagesI found the discussion on organizational conflict to be the most compelling. Our analysis not only gave me understanding on how d estructive team conflict is present in organizations, but also in any teamwork setting. Conflict is often a recurring problem for organizations, so it is vital for leaders to understand how to regulate it. Whether we were studying organizational change, devolvement, or leadership what was common to all was the presence of conflict and its effect on an organization. CompletingRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour2950 Words   |  12 Pagesscenario obviously can be seen during ramp up. There is sometimes in a year, necessity to increase the production output creates new environment and new requirement of job specifications. In some scenarios, the change in organization creates stress and conflicts. 4. Low trust ïÆ'Ëœ When people don’t believe that they or the company can competently manage the change there is likely to be resistance. The history of past changes that have brought negative result to the employees such as restructure of reportingRead MoreTeams and Team Processes: Group Dynamics Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Teams are often depicted as a group of people sharing leadership of and working together on a specific project, whereas a group (but not a team) consists of individuals who work independently and are led by a strong, focused individual (Erofeev, Glazer, Ivanitskaya, 2009). In the health care organization, it is important to have a group of people working together as a well a team. Each person individually need to fully understand what his or her role is in a group or team, if not thereRead MoreDescription And Description Of My Roommate Essay935 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing day he came over to apologize and we have never heard from him again after that. The atmosphere around the place had remained much more positive and clean throughout the remainder of the semester. Part B: Analysis The outcome for this conflict was not the way we wished it had to be but it was for the best. Not only did the house stay clean but we all started helping each other out. We would look out for one another and didn’t have loud parties five nights a week anymore. With that beingRead MoreHow Personality Can Affect The Performance Of Teams1395 Words   |  6 Pagescan affect the performance of teams. This essay will also explore various theories relevant to personalities and will assess how different personalities can be beneficial in increasing team performance as well as any disadvantages. This essay will also explore how personality can affect the inter-personal relationship between team members. Personality can influence team performance in both a positive and negative way, Company X s understanding of personalities in teams will help them comprehend theRead MoreMulticultural Teams1342 Words   |  6 PagesOF MULTICULTURAL TEAMS The increasing number of multinational companies, the expand global market place and the diversity of the customers across cultures require new points of view. More and more companies use multicultural teams to develop new products or business solutions. Multicultural teams are task oriented groups of people from different cultures. Well managed multicultural teams thanks to the different point of views of their team members can superior national teams in the number of possibleRead MorePlanning Of A Project, Inc. ( Pcb ) Essay753 Words   |  4 Pagesand thorough. Work Breakdown Structure The work breakdown structure (WBS), even for the project of PCB, should allow for the leadership team to view an evaluate the the plan with ease. Objectives are organized under categories that allow for specific tasks to be broken into sub-tasks, processes, or other levels of detail, making it uncomplicated for team members to identify time and resources needed (CSU-Global, 2013). To ensure that no steps are missing, a WBS is outlined from the start of the

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Change in Values and Perspectives in Streetcar Named...

Adversity can present itself in a wide range of severities, and it can have drastic effects on an individual. A man is insensible to appreciate prosperity until he has gone through some kind of adversity. Hardships and adversity develop and shape a person’s identity and also plays a big role in shaping one’s personal values. John Locke, a famous philosopher, once said that â€Å"Let us suppose the mind to be, white paper void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it be furnished? To this I answer, in one word, from experience†. The quote says that humans are born like clean slates and adversity plays a major role in shaping people. In the modern play A Streetcar Named Desire, the author, Tennessee Williams, suggests that individuals are blank slates and adversity plays a major factor in shaping their values and their perspective on things. This is shown through the characters of Blanche Dubois, Stella Kowalski and Stanley Kowalski. Living on plantation in Laurel Mississippi, Blanche Dubois considers herself a southern Belle. Her life at Belle Reve does not fulfil her dreams that she once envisioned and instead she found herself assuming responsibilities of huge proportions. She was left to incur al financial debts, while having to pay for the costly funerals of her relatives. At last she was unable to pay her debts and she had to give in and lose her beloved land. In addition, she faces the adversity of lifelong guilt because of her making a cruel remark to her lateShow MoreRelatedLooking Back Upon Civil Rights, WomenS Campaign For Suffrage1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto the chagrin of men. In 1947 Tennessee Williams produced his classic play A Streetcar Named Desire. While similar in their quest to bring women’s struggles to the forefront, clashing eras resulted in different literary products. Tack on that Williams, a man, produced a work depicting the environment for females at the time, and these pieces paint a picture of two different times for women from distinct perspectives. The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar Named Desire bear a striking resemblance inRead MoreAnalysis Of A Streetcar Named Desire 1702 Words   |  7 PagesPractice Essay: Emilia Kelly The two texts of Enduring Love and A Streetcar named Desire show privilege of one way of perceiving the world over the other in their conclusions. Ian McEwan’s Enduring Love, shows favour of Joe’s scientific and rational view but also demonstrates that it is flawed. Similarly, Tennessee Williams shows that realism in inevitable but is not always desirable in the play A Streetcar Names Desire. Both texts explore explore the responses of their protagonists of a crisisRead MoreWhos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Articulates the Crises of Contemporary Western Civilization867 Words   |  4 Pagessources. First it establishes a link with the dramatists of the thirties such as Eugene ONeill (1888-1953), Tennessee Williams (1911-1983) and Arthur Miller (1915-2005). These dramatists had in their plays critiqued America as it moved from confidence to doubt. In a land of success they wrote obsessively of the unsuccessful. Their characters such as Blanch Du Bois in Street Car Named Desire(1947), Joe Keller in All My Sons (1947), Willie Loman in Death of a Salesman (1949) and Maggie the Cat inRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagesimportant theories? (A) Many modern neuroses can be traced to the endowment of the individual with too much personal freedom and the modern easing of traditional sexual codes and restrictions. (B) The self is grounded in an â€Å"unconscious,† where forbidden desires, traumas, and unacceptable emotions are stored. (C) Most psychological problems can and should be treated by new medications. (D) Patients should deal with traumatic experiences and their resulting fears by repressing them. Speaking about or analyzingRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesConflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Citizens United vs Federal Election Commission free essay sample

The First Amendment is arguably the most controversial issue with regards to the constitution since it was ratified in 1787. Under the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † However, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) directly contradicts the First Amendment by regulating the financing and advertising of Political campaigns. The two features of BCRA are the restriction of soft money and issue advocacy. First, this act bans the raising of soft money by federal candidates or national parties and restricts the spending of soft money by state parties. Second, this act created a new election law, electioneering communication, which prohibits the use of political advertisements that â€Å"refers† to a federal candidate within thirty days of a primary election or sixty days of a general elections. The First Amendment is arguably the most controversial issue with regards to the constitution since it was ratified in 1787. Under the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † However, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) directly contradicts the First Amendment by regulating the financing and advertising of Political campaigns. The two features of BCRA are the restriction of soft money and issue advocacy. First, this act bans the raising of soft money by federal candidates or national parties and restricts the spending of soft money by state parties. Second, this act created a new election law, electioneering communication, which prohibits the use of political advertisements that â€Å"refers† to a federal candidate within thirty days of a primary election or sixty days of a general elections. The First Amendment is arguably the most controversial issue with regards to the constitution since it was ratified in 1787. Under the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † However, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) directly contradicts the First Amendment by regulating the financing and advertising of Political campaigns. The two features of BCRA are the restriction of soft money and issue advocacy. First, this act bans the raising of soft money by federal candidates or national parties and restricts the spending of soft money by state parties. Second, this act created a new election law, electioneering communication, which prohibits the use of political advertisements that â€Å"refers† to a federal candidate within thirty days of a primary election or sixty days of a general elections. The First Amendment is arguably the most controversial issue with regards to the constitution since it was ratified in 1787. Under the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † However, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) directly contradicts the First Amendment by regulating the financing and advertising of Political campaigns. The two features of BCRA are the restriction of soft money and issue advocacy. First, this act bans the raising of soft money by federal candidates or national parties and restricts the spending of soft money by state parties. Second, this act created a new election law, electioneering communication, which prohibits the use of political advertisements that â€Å"refers† to a federal candidate within thirty days of a primary election or sixty days of a general elections. The First Amendment is arguably the most controversial issue with regards to the constitution since it was ratified in 1787. Under the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † However, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) directly contradicts the First Amendment by regulating the financing and advertising of Political campaigns. The two features of BCRA are the restriction of soft money and issue advocacy. First, this act bans the raising of soft money by federal candidates or national parties and restricts the spending of soft money by state parties. Second, this act created a new election law, electioneering communication, which prohibits the use of political advertisements that â€Å"refers† to a federal candidate within thirty days of a primary election or sixty days of a general elections. The First Amendment is arguably the most controversial issue with regards to the constitution since it was ratified in 1787. Under the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. † However, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) directly contradicts the First Amendment by regulating the financing and advertising of Political campaigns. The two features of BCRA are the restriction of soft money and issue advocacy. First, this act bans the raising of soft money by federal candidates or national parties and restricts the spending of soft money by state parties. Second, this act created a new election law, electioneering communication, which prohibits the use of political advertisements that â€Å"refers† to a federal candidate within thirty days of a primary election or sixty days of a general elections.